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[[Image:Kosca-Arco-Posted.jpg|thumb|A [[Kosca]] in celluloid]]

[[Image:Kosca-Arco-Posted.jpg|thumb|A [[Kosca]] in celluloid]]

The company was founded by the activities of two German entrepreneurs, ''Kohler'' and ''Schaefer'' <ref>in the patent {{Cite patent|GB|302015}}  registration (identical to  {{Cite patent|CH|130454}}) by ''Kohler & Schaefer'', there are the names of ''Paul Kohler'' and ''Christian Schaefer'' which we assume to be the company founders. </ref> and the first letters of their names were used for the company name. Without a known foundation date the production style give a rough indication of the mid-20s. It's known instead the company's headquarters, Via Perugia in Milan, and the first trademark registration on their behalf in 1929 ({{Marchio|40298}}), with a logo of their initials. In the same time they registered also [[Spezial]] ({{Marchio|40301}}) and [[Spezial Super]] ({{Marchio|40299}}) trademarks. Much later, requested in 1938, is the  [[Record]] ({{Marchio|59025}}) trademark, that was also renewed after the war.

The company was created from the activities of two German entrepreneurs, ''Paul Kohler'' and ''Christian Schaefer'', in Pforzheim, in Germany around 1920,<ref>the majority of the data relating to this company comes from direct correspondence with the grandniece of ''Christian Schaefer'', which allowed us to correct the errors and inaccuracies previously present on the page; some dates, such as that of the foundation or the closure of the original German company are still indicative; the names of the two founders are also in the patent {{Cite patent|GB|302015}}  (identical to  {{Cite patent|CH|130454}}) registered in the name of ''Kohler & Schaefer''.</ref> and from the initial letters of their names was born that of the company. The company was initially dedicated to the production of multi lead mechanical pencils, in gold and silver, capable of changing four colours.  

But there is also a German company in Pforzheim in Germany, called ''Kohler & Schaefer'' which holds several patents related to fountain pens and other writing instruments, for which it is not known any relationship with the Milanese company (if the parent or other). But the possibility that these were two completely independent companies with the same name composed of two identical surnames (''Kohler & Schaefer'' also appears in the records of Italian brands) is considered very unlikely.

However, the Schaefer family managed the company mainly because Kohler left the business shortly afterwards. In Milan was founded the subsidiary with the Italian factory, the start of production is not known precisely, but according to an excerpt from a document of November 26, 1923, published in the book ''"The registered trademarks of the Italian Fountain Pens"'' there is an Italian branch with a representative Giuseppe Kügler, initially established in via Victor Hugo 2, then transferred to Corso Vittorio Emanuele 23, and then in via Conservatorio 6 in Milan (as shown by [[:File:1929-09-Kosca-Invoice.jpg|this invoice]] from 1929 and from an excerpt of 30 March 1926 published in the book ''"I marchi registrati delle Founlografiche Italiane"'' in which it's mentioned explicitly as a factory). The first trademark registration on their behalf was in 1929 ({{Marchio|40298}}), with a logo of the ''K&S'' initials; no trace instead of the number cited on the invoice (C.C.I. Milano 937773). In the same time the comapany registered also [[Spezial]] ({{Marchio|40301}}) and [[Spezial Super]] ({{Marchio|40299}}) trademarks. Much later, requested in 1938, is the [[Record]] ({{Marchio|59025}}) trademark, that was also renewed after the war.

As for the [[Uhlmann's Eterno]] initial production was mainly of hard rubber pens [[overlay]]s, which are considered among the best ever. It is believed that the company have produced them also on behalf of the most famous companies like [[Columbus]], [[Omega]] and [[Ercolessi]], and also for the Italian branch of the [[Waterman]]. At least this last relationship is well established, existing many examples of such pens.  

The Italian branch was managed by one of the four daughters of ''Christian Schaefer'' (''Margarete Schaefer'') who successfully extended and expanded the production to include fountain pens and mechanical pencils, as well as gold and silver objects such as frames, ashtrays, special cutlery, and then jewellery such as cufflinks, earrings and pendants, some on its own brand and others for great jewelers. Another son of ''Christian Schaefer'', ''Walter Schaefer'', ran a branch (only commercial) in Argentina during the period in which he lived in that country (approximately from 1935 to 1950).

The production of the second half of the '30s was in [[celluloid]], in three sizes with a faceted clip embossed with  ''Kosca'' imprint and decorated with a patterned band between two thin rings.

 

The production of the second half of the '30s was in [[celluloid]], in three sizes with a faceted clip embossed with  ''Kosca'' imprint and decorated with a patterned band between two thin rings. The original headquarters in Pforzheim was closed in the 1960s. Instead, the Milan office, which later moved to via Cadibona 8A, continued to exist successfully for a long time, producing solid gold fountain pens and ballpoint pens in the 1950s, and continuing with ballpoint pens and other objects, when in the 1960s fountain pens left production due to the advent of ballpoint pens. The company remained in the hands of ''Margarete Schaefer'' until 2000, the year of her death, and was liquidated the following year by her niece.

===External references===

===External references===

* http://fountainpenboard.com/forum/index.php?/topic/736-koska/

* [http://fountainpenboard.com/forum/index.php?/topic/736-koska/] Discussion on FPnuts

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===Notes===

===Notes===