Modifiche

In the systems illustrated in this section, the body of the pen also acts as a tank, and there is no mechanism to automate the loading of the ink, which is usually entered by an eyedropper; the variants proposed relate only to the different methods used to give access to the tank.

In the systems illustrated in this section, the body of the pen also acts as a tank, and there is no mechanism to automate the loading of the ink, which is usually entered by an eyedropper; the variants proposed relate only to the different methods used to give access to the tank.

=== ''[[eyedropper filler]]'' ===

=== ''[[eyedropper filler/en|eyedropper filler]]'' ===

{{:eyedropper filler/en}}

{{:eyedropper filler/en}}

=== security eyedropper ===

=== security eyedropper ===

This "system" is found exclusively on Japanese pens, and can be considered a variant of the [[plunger filler]] of the [[Onoto]], from which it was probably inspired. On a mechanical level, in fact, the mechanism is essentially identical, but in this case it is not used to fill the pen, but only to block the flow of ink to the nib when the pen is closed. It is not known an inventor of this mechanism, that it is found on around all Japanese pens produced until the years '30 from companies like the [[Pilot]] and the [[Sailor]].

This "system" was found almost exclusively on Japanese pens, and can be considered a variant of the [[plunger filler]] of the [[Onoto]], from which it was probably inspired. On a mechanical level, in fact, the mechanism is essentially identical, but in this case it is not used to fill the pen, but only to block the flow of ink to the nib when the pen is closed. It is not known an inventor of this mechanism, that it is found on around all Japanese pens produced until the years '30 from companies like the [[Pilot]] and the [[Sailor]].

[[Image:JapaneseEyedropper.svg|center|500px|Diagram of a pen with [[safety eyedropper]] filling system]]

[[Image:JapaneseEyedropper.svg|center|500px|Diagram of a pen with [[safety eyedropper]] filling system]]

In order to write it is necessary to unscrew the bottom and slightly withdraw the shaft attached to it, so as to retract the piston from its blocked position and re-enable the flow of ink towards the nib. Closing the bottom will stop the ink flow again, thus preventing leaks.

In order to write it is necessary to unscrew the bottom and slightly withdraw the shaft attached to it, so as to retract the piston from its blocked position and re-enable the flow of ink towards the nib. Closing the bottom will stop the ink flow again, thus preventing leaks.

== Direct compressio of the ''sac'' ==

== Direct compression of the ''sac'' ==

At the beginning of the 1900's, there was a great impulse in the search for a system that would allow the filling operation to be carried out automatically. During this period, a series of filling systems began to be produced, in which the ink was kept inside an elastic rubber sac. In this way it was possible to carry out the loading by compressing the empty sac, so as to exploit the subsequent expansion of the same to suck the ink from the bottle by immersing the nib assembly.

At the beginning of the 1900's, there was a great impulse in the search for a system that would allow the filling operation to be carried out automatically. During this period, a series of filling systems began to be produced, in which the ink was kept inside an elastic rubber sac. In this way it was possible to carry out the loading by compressing the empty sac, so as to exploit the subsequent expansion of the same to suck the ink from the bottle by immersing the nib assembly.

{{:hatchet filler/en}}

{{:hatchet filler/en}}

=== ''[[levetta di fondo]]'' ===

=== ''[[levetta di fondo|bottom lever filler]]'' ===

{{:levetta di fondo/en}}

{{:levetta di fondo/en}}

{{:twist filler/en}}

{{:twist filler/en}}

=== ''[[leverless]]'' ===

=== ''[[leverless filler]]'' ===

{{:leverless filler/en}}

{{:leverless filler/en}}

{{:snorkel filler/en}}

{{:snorkel filler/en}}

== Caricamenti a sfiatatoio ==

== Breather tube fillers ==

These filling systems have in common the use of the presence of a ''[[breather tube]]'' which allows to perform the refill by repeating several times some mechanical action (different depending on the different filling systems) which allows to create a compression of the air inside the pen tank. The variety of ways in which this compression is carried out has been extremely wide, but in most cases provides some mechanism that acts on a flexible bulb.  

These filling systems have in common the use of the presence of a ''[[breather tube]]'' which allows to perform the refill by repeating several times some mechanical action (different depending on the different filling systems) which allows to create a compression of the air inside the pen tank. The variety of ways in which this compression is carried out has been extremely wide, but in most cases provides some mechanism that acts on a flexible bulb, even if there are alternative mechanisms, such as the one found on some [[Ancora Lusso]] in which the depression is done with a very short running piston.  

The breather tube is inserted in the feeder and kept in a central position with respect to the body of the pen, which normally acts as a tank. During the compression phase, the air in the pen comes out of the blowhole, from which, due to the depression created, the ink that ends up in the tank is loaded; the presence of the blowhole means that the ink loaded is not expelled in the subsequent compression phases, until the entire tank is filled up to the level of the blowhole.

The breather tube is inserted in the feeder and kept in a central position with respect to the body of the pen, which normally acts as a tank. During the compression phase, the air in the pen comes out of the blowhole, from which, due to the depression created, the ink that ends up in the tank is loaded; the presence of the blowhole means that the ink loaded is not expelled in the subsequent compression phases, until the entire tank is filled up to the level of the blowhole.

{{:piston filler/en}}

{{:piston filler/en}}

== Altri ==

== Others ==

Si sono riuniti in quest'ultimo gruppo tutti gli altri sistemi di caricamento, accomunati proprio dal fatto di non aver un fattore comune che consente di classificarli in maniera omogenea.

All the other filling systems have been brought together in the latter group, which have in common the fact that they do not have a common factor that allows them to be classified in a homogeneous manner.

=== ''[[capillarity filler]]'' ===

=== ''[[capillarity filler]]'' ===

{{:capillarity filler}}

{{:capillarity filler/en}}

=== ''[[cartridge filler]]'' ===

=== ''[[cartridge filler]]'' ===

{{:cartridge filler}}

{{:cartridge filler/en}}

=== ''[[converter]]'' ===

=== ''[[converter]]'' ===

{{:converter}}

{{:converter/en}}

== Riferimenti esterni ==

== External references ==

* http://www.pennaio.com/Sistemi_di_Riempimento.html

* [http://www.pennaio.com/Sistemi_di_Riempimento.html] Page of the original sketches used in this page

* http://www.richardspens.com/?page=ref/fillers/fillers.htm

* [http://www.richardspens.com/?page=ref/fillers/fillers.htm] Page on filling systems from Richard Binder's website

* http://www.rickconner.net/penspotters/filling.html

* [http://www.vintagepens.com/filling_instructions_vintage_pens.shtml] Page on filling systems from David Nishimura website

* http://www.rickconner.net/penoply/filling.html

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180105095740/http://www.rickconner.net/penspotters/filling.html] Page on filling systems from Penspotters

* http://www.vintagepens.com/filling_instructions_vintage_pens.shtml

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616225156/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=259] Article about filling systems on PenTrace, first part

* http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=266

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130617013636/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=266] Article about filling systems on PenTrace, second part

* http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=259&tname=Technical

* [http://www.penhero.com/PenGallery/Parker/ParkerDuofoldFiller.htm] Article of Jim Mamoulides  on [[Parker]]'s [[button filler]]s

* http://www.penhero.com/PenGallery/Parker/ParkerDuofoldFiller.htm

* [https://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/kolbenfueller.html] Article on Penexchange on [[piston filler]]

* https://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/kolbenfueller.html

* [http://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/pneumatik.html] Article on Penexchange on pneumatic fillers

* http://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/pneumatik.html

* [http://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/selbstfueller.html] Article on Penexchange on [[button filler]]s

* http://www.penexchange.de/english/sites/klassiker/selbstfueller.html

== Note ==

== Notes ==

<references/>

<references/>

== Ringraziamenti ==

== Thanks ==

Un grazie di cuore a Fabio Moricci, il [http://www.pennaio.com/ Pennaio], che ci ha gentilmente concesso l'uso dei suoi schizzi come base per la realizzazione degli schemi tecnici dei vari sistemi di caricamento.

A big thanks to Fabio Moricci, the [http://www.pennaio.com/ Pennaio], who kindly gave us the use of his sketches as a basis for the realization of the technical diagrams of the various loading systems.