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Riga 5: Riga 5:  
One of the most important characteristics of this material is instead the ease of coloring, which allows you to create endless variations and imitate different materials, so that it was also called artificial horn. The coloring in fact, in addition to the mixing of colors in the production phase, can be obtained, thanks to the high porosity of the material, in a second phase by immersing the galalith in coloring baths to obtain the absorption of pigments. The new material had a great diffusion in the production of buttons, where it is still used today, and for the substitution of ivory in the piano keys cover.
 
One of the most important characteristics of this material is instead the ease of coloring, which allows you to create endless variations and imitate different materials, so that it was also called artificial horn. The coloring in fact, in addition to the mixing of colors in the production phase, can be obtained, thanks to the high porosity of the material, in a second phase by immersing the galalith in coloring baths to obtain the absorption of pigments. The new material had a great diffusion in the production of buttons, where it is still used today, and for the substitution of ivory in the piano keys cover.
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La galalite venne utilizzata nella produzione delle stilografiche da alcune aziende intorno agli anni '20, quando iniziò una ricerca sui materiali che consentisse di sostituire l'[[ebanite]]. In particolare [[Sheaffer]] la utilizzò per alcuni modelli prodotti per un tempo molto breve, che per i problemi riscontrati vennero riutilizzati come penne per la sostituzione temporanea. [[Parker]] adottò la galalite per la produzione delle stilografiche della serie denominata [[Ivorine]], anche se l'utilizzo più esteso venne probabilmente fatto dalla [[Conway Stewart]] per la produzione di alcune delle sue più originali penne colorate.
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Galalith was used in the production of fountain pens by some companies around the '20s, when the research for materials that could replace the [[hard rubber]] began. In particular [[Sheaffer]] used it for some models produced for a very short time, which, because of the problems they had, were reused as pens for temporary replacement. [[Parker]] adopted galalith for the production of the fountain pens of the series called [[Ivorine]], even if the most extensive use was probably made by [[Conway Stewart]] for the production of some of his most original colored pens.
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La galalite non ebbe però un grande successo e venne rapidamente abbandonata con l'avvento della [[celluloide]]. La sua porosità infatti la rende fortemente igroscopica, con la tendenza ad espandersi con l'umidità, il che comporta problemi di stabilità meccanica. Ancora peggiore, sempre per questa caratteristica, la sua resistenza all'inchiostro, che tende a produrre macchie permanenti. Inoltre l'immersione in acqua (anche solo per poche ore) comporta una espansione (fino al 10%) ed un ammorbidimento del materiale, con conseguenze distruttive in quanto ad una successiva asciugatura questo perderà la forma originale. Infine con il tempo il materiale tende a presentare delle screpolature (in genere si presentano per lunghe esposizioni alla luce e si ritiene siano causate dalle variazioni di umidità subite) che sono solo apparentemente superficiali e non possono essere rimosse.
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However, galalith was not very successful and was quickly abandoned with the advent of [[celluloid]]. Its porosity in fact makes it strongly hygroscopic, with the tendency to expand with humidity, which leads to problems of mechanical stability. Even worse, again for this characteristic, its resistance to ink, which tends to produce permanent stains. In addition, immersion in water (even for just a few hours) involves an expansion (up to 10%) and a softening of the material, with destructive consequences as a subsequent drying it will lose its original shape. Finally, with time the material tends to present cracks (usually they occur for long exposure to light and are believed to be caused by changes in moisture) that are only apparently superficial and can not be removed.
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Per tutti questi motivi, con l'eccezione della [[Conway Stewart]] che ha continuato a produrre penne in questo materiale fino agli anni '30, alla metà degli anni '20 la galalite è stata totalmente abbandonata in favore della [[celluloide]], cosa che, unita alla fragilità del materiale che le rende di difficile conservazione, ha fatto sì che le penne costruite con esso, in particolare le [[Sheaffer]] e le [[Parker]], siano molto rare.
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For all these reasons, with the exception of [[Conway Stewart]] who continued to produce pens in this material until the 1930s, in the mid 1920s galalith was totally abandoned in favor of [[celluloid]], which, combined with the fragility of the material that makes them difficult to preserve, has meant that pens made with it, in particular [[Sheaffer]] and [[Parker]], are very rare.
 
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== Note ==
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== External references ==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080219044750/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?ID=264] First article on galalith
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070814110812/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?ID=276] Second article on galalith
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616220311/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=279] Third article on galalith
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616221302/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=296] Fourth article on galalith
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== Notes ==
 
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== Riferimenti Esterni ==
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[[Category:Translated Pages]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080219044750/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?ID=264] Primo articolo sulla galalite
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070814110812/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?ID=276] Secondo articolo sulla galalite
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616220311/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=279] Terzo articolo sulla galalite
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616221302/http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=296] Quarto articolo sulla galalite
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[[Category:Vocabolario]]
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[[Category:Materiali]]
   
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