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[[Image:Bayard-Logo.svg|center|320px|Bayard logo from '30s]]

[[Image:Bayard-Logo.svg|center|320px|Bayard logo from '30s]]

[[Bayard]] is a major historic French fountain pen brand; the company was founded in 1922 and has continued operations until the '60s when, as most historical producers, was taken down by the revolution of the ballpoint pen.

[[Bayard]] is a major historic French fountain pen brand; the company was founded in 1922 and has continued operations until the '60s when, as most historical producers, was taken down by the revolution of the ballpoint pen.

Le penne [[Bayard]] sono caratterizzate da una buona qualità generale, senz'altro al pari di quella dei produttori americani, anche se l'azienda non si è mai segnalata per particolari contributi innovativi, la validità dei suoi prodotti ne ha garantito il successo e viene tutt'ora apprezzata dai collezionisti.{{Infobox_Marca|Bayard}}{{BrandData|Ancestor=Etienne Forbin|Founder=Pierre Panici, Etienne Panici|OrigDate=1903|Date=1922|Place=Parigi|Country=FR|Fullname=Société Panici Frères|Closing=1973}}

[[Bayard]] fountain pens were characterized by good overall quality, certainly in par with the one of the American producers, even though the company was never reported for specific innovative technical contributions, the validity of its products has ensured the success and is still valued by collectors.{{Infobox_Brand|Bayard}}

== Storia ==

== History ==

[[Image:1923-Bayard.jpg|thumb|A 1923 [[Bayard]] ADs]]

[[Image:1923-Bayard.jpg|thumb|A 1923 [[Bayard]] ADs]]

In [[1932]] production was reorganized, and an economic model, the [[Special 8]] was launched; it was a [[lever filler]], in black or marbled celluloid black with an metal alloy nib. It was then introduced the model [[Superluxe]], always a [[lever filler]], but with gold nib and produced in black, iridescent marbled gold or iridescent marbled green celluloid. The new pens had [[streamlined]] forms, with the ends of cap and body of conical shape, and were produced both men and woman models.

In [[1932]] production was reorganized, and an economic model, the [[Special 8]] was launched; it was a [[lever filler]], in black or marbled celluloid black with an metal alloy nib. It was then introduced the model [[Superluxe]], always a [[lever filler]], but with gold nib and produced in black, iridescent marbled gold or iridescent marbled green celluloid. The new pens had [[streamlined]] forms, with the ends of cap and body of conical shape, and were produced both men and woman models.

The next year another models reorganization was made, the [[Special 8]] economic model was introduced, with a metallic. The pen had two ring on the cap and and black or marbled body; the same was for the [[Luxe]] and the [[Superluxe]] models that were coupled with it, but that were equipped with gold nibs. It was then introduced the ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]'' model, with an increased size and bigger ink capacity, that had a decorated band on the cap. The [[Special 8]] e [[Luxe]] models were provided with a tie-shaped clip inserted on the cap, while the [[Superluxe]] and ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]''  had a spear-shaped [[washer clip]]. The next year the clip was engraved the name ''Bayard''.

The next year another models reorganization was made, the [[Special 8]] economic model was introduced, with a metallic. The pen had two ring on the cap and and black or marbled body; the same was for the [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] and the [[Superluxe]] models that were coupled with it, but that were equipped with gold nibs. It was then introduced the ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]'' model, with an increased size and bigger ink capacity, that had a decorated band on the cap. The [[Special 8]] e [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] models were provided with a tie-shaped clip inserted on the cap, while the [[Superluxe]] and ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]''  had a spear-shaped [[washer clip]]. The next year the clip was engraved the name ''Bayard''.

In [[1935]] the [[Superluxe]] cap rings were replaced by a decorated band. The clip of both this model and the ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Capacité]]'' (new name of ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Containance]]'') model were built in the shape of a tie, but without the ''Bayard'' name engraving. In [[1937]] a model with an intermediate size between the [[Luxe]] and the [[Superluxe]] was introduced. It was called [[Special Luxe]], and made by marbled colored celluloid,  with the usual decorated band on the cap, which decoration was amended the following year. In [[1939]], following the trend introduced by the [[Vacumatic]], [[Bayard]] introduced a new model equipped with transparent barrel to stem the ink level vision, called [[Niveauclair]].

In [[1935]] the [[Superluxe]] cap rings were replaced by a decorated band. The clip of both this model and the ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Capacité]]'' (new name of ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Containance]]'') model were built in the shape of a tie, but without the ''Bayard'' name engraving. In [[1937]] a model with an intermediate size between the [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] and the [[Superluxe]] was introduced. It was called [[Special Luxe]], and made by marbled colored celluloid,  with the usual decorated band on the cap, which decoration was amended the following year. In [[1938]],<ref>date is uncertain, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601100021/http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche this page] reports 1939, but the name is citen in some December 1938 advertising, so we assume this year.</ref> following the trend introduced by the [[Vacumatic]], [[Bayard]] introduced a new model equipped with transparent barrel to stem the ink level vision, called [[Niveauclair]].

[[Image:Bayard-Excelsior-Instro-Back.jpg|thumb|Instruction for the [[Excelsior]] model]]

[[File:194x-Bayard-Excelsior-Instro-Back.jpg|thumb|Instruction for the [[Excelsior]] model]]

In that same period two other flagship sub-brands were also used directed towards two different market segments: the ''Excelsior'' brand for the second tier of medium quality pen production, and the ''Alpin'' brand used for cheaper pens produced for the lower end of the market, mainly students and schoolchildren.  

In that same period two other flagship sub-brands were also used directed towards two different market segments: the ''Excelsior'' brand for the second tier of medium quality pen production, and the ''Alpin'' brand used for cheaper pens produced for the lower end of the market, mainly students and schoolchildren.  

In [[1940]] there was a restyling of the [[Luxe]] line going towards a more streamlined cap but maintaining the conical ends of the pen. It was also introduced the new [[Superstyl]] model, still a [[lever filler]], in two  versions for men and women. The [[Superstyl]] had three rings on the cap and a spear-shaped clip with a double "V" pattern; it was made of celluloid produced in many colors, and equipped with a gold nib. The next year the [[Super Luxe]] model was introduced, a cheaper and smaller pen, reiterating the lines of the [[Special 8]], and aimed at young people.  

In [[1940]] there was a restyling of the [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] line going towards a more streamlined cap but maintaining the conical ends of the pen. It was also introduced the new [[Superstyl]] model, still a [[lever filler]], in two  versions for men and women. The [[Superstyl]] had three rings on the cap and a spear-shaped clip with a double "V" pattern; it was made of celluloid produced in many colors, and equipped with a gold nib. The next year the [[Super Luxe]] model was introduced, a cheaper and smaller pen, reiterating the lines of the [[Special 8]], and aimed at young people.  

[[Image:1944-Bayard.jpg|thumb|left|A 1944 [[Bayard]] ADs]]

[[Image:1944-Bayard.jpg|thumb|left|A 1944 [[Bayard]] ADs]]

== External references ==

== External references ==

* http://web.archive.org/web/20071012005121/www.stylos-francais.fr/bayard.php

* [http://bayard-sans-reproche.com] Page of the brand owners, with many historical information.

* http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche/

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071012005121/www.stylos-francais.fr/bayard.php] Brand page on a decommissioned website on French fountain pens.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601100021/http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche] Brand page on a decommissioned website.

==Notes==  

==Notes==  

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