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[[File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|thumb|upright|A ''Jules Fagard'' advertisement]]

[[File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|thumb|upright|A ''Jules Fagard'' advertisement]]

The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site, and in the ''Archives commerciales de la France'' the company is reported as having been founded on December 13, 1926.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, is earlier and dates back to [[1915]] (the year we will consider as the beginning of the activities), when he, on January 7, founded ''"Fagard et Leuba"'' at 22 rue Saint Augustin in Paris, a representative of [[Waterman]] and of ''“Walker & C.”'' (a London firm that manufactured flip books). <ref>the historical references in this article are taken from the [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?t=33876 monograph] on the brand made by {{Author|Esme}}, posted on the forum and available for download there, at the first of the external references.</ref>  

The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, can be dated to at least [[1921]], as evidenced by [[:File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|this advertisement]]. In fa, at least from what emerges from the advertisements published on ''L'Illustration'', it seems that it was an independent company, able to carry out its own production at least as far as mechanical pencils are concerned, which, even when combined with pens [[Waterman]], were explicitly called with the name ''Jif''.

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From years [[1916]] to [[1919]] the ''“Fagard et Leuba”'' continued to appear in various advertisements (and at events and fairs) as a representative/wholesaler of [[Waterman]]. During [[1920]] and for most of [[1921]] in [[Waterman]]'s advertisements, however, all reference to a representative disappears, reappearing only at the end of [[1921]], with only ''Jules Fagard'' listed as the representative, not only for France and colonies but also for Belgium and Switzerland. Also in [[1921]] appears the [[Rymex]] trademark for mechanical pencils of which ''Jules Fagard'' turns out to be the manufacturer, and along with the trademark also appears the company logo with the monogram “JF” shown in the advertisement on the side.

From years [[1916]] to [[1919]] the ''“Fagard et Leuba”'' continued to appear in various advertisements (and at events and fairs) as a representative/wholesaler of [[Waterman]]. During [[1920]] and for most of [[1921]] in [[Waterman]]'s advertisements, however, all reference to a representative disappears, reappearing only at the end of [[1921]], with only ''Jules Fagard'' listed as the representative, not only for France and colonies but also for Belgium and Switzerland. Also in [[1921]] appears the [[Rymex]] trademark for mechanical pencils of which ''Jules Fagard'' turns out to be the manufacturer, and along with the trademark also appears the company logo with the monogram “JF” shown in the advertisement on the side.

And it was precisely from [[1921]] onwards that the role of the ''Jules Fagard'' (not yet ''JiF'') emerged as an independent company capable of carrying out its own production at least as far as mechanical pencils were concerned, which from the very beginning began to be combined with [[Waterman]] pens, first under the [[Rymex]] brand name and then, starting around Easter [[1922]], using the  ''“JiF”'' new brand name, which had been registered on November 17, 1921,<ref>as reported in the [https: //forum. fountainpen.co.uk/viewtopic.php?t=33876 monograph] on the trademark made by {{Author|Esme}} this was filed on November 17, 1921 under No. 026054 as shown in International Registration No. 244271 of 1961.</ref> which from then on would turn out to be increasingly combined with that of [[Waterman]] pens.  

And it was precisely from [[1921]] onwards that the role of the ''Jules Fagard'' (not yet ''JiF'') emerged as an independent company capable of carrying out its own production at least as far as mechanical pencils were concerned, which from the very beginning began to be combined with [[Waterman]] pens, first under the [[Rymex]] brand name and then, starting around Easter [[1922]], using the  ''“JiF”'' new brand name, which had been registered on November 17, 1921,<ref>as reported in the [https: //forum. fountainpen.co.uk/viewtopic.php?t=33876 monograph] on the trademark made by {{Author|Esme}} this was filed on November 17, 1921 under No. 026054 as shown in International Registration No. 244271 of 1961.</ref> which from then on would turn out to be increasingly combined with that of [[Waterman]] pens.  

A lungo questo marchio è stato indicato come corrispondente alle iniziali del fondatore, il cui nome sarebbe stato ''Jules Isidore Fagard'', ma in tutte le pubblicità viene sempre riportato soltanto ''Jules Fagard'', mentre il nome completo, come risulta dagli atti di nascita, matrimonio e morte, era invece ''Jules Lucien Marie Fagard''. Le origini dell'aggiunta della "i" alle iniziali già usate nel logo/monogramma precedentemente citato (ed anche in uno dei marchi dell'azienda, ''"J.F."''), allo stato attuale delle conoscenze, restano ignoti.

For a long time this trademark was referred to as corresponding to the initials of the founder, whose name would have been ''Jules Isidore Fagard,'' but in all advertisements only ''Jules Fagard'' is always shown, which the full name, as recorded in birth, marriage and death records, was instead ''Jules Lucien Marie Fagard.'' The origins of the addition of ''"i"'' to the initials already used in the previously mentioned logo/monogram (and also in one of the company's trademarks, ''"J.F."''), at the present state of knowledge, remain unknown.

With the death of Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1932]] the management of the company passed into the hands of his wife, always named as ''madame Jules Fagard'', but who was actually called Alice and the company became the ''"A. J. Fagard & Cie,"'' as also marked in the gold "AJF" punches. The trademark remained ''"JiF"''.  

With the death of Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1932]] the management of the company passed into the hands of his wife, always named as ''madame Jules Fagard'', but who was actually called Alice and the company became the ''"A. J. Fagard & Cie,"'' as also marked in the gold "AJF" punches. The trademark remained ''"JiF"''.