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The ''sleeve filler'', also called ''thumb filler'', is one of the many filling systems experimented at the beginning of '900, in particular it was adopted by [[Holland]] around 1905 and by [[Waterman]] that used it from 1910 to 1915. This loading system is based on the displacement of a ''sleeve'' that wraps the barrel of the pen to hide a large opening made on one side of it. Moving the sleeve, which protects the opening, gives direct access to the pressure bar (on which a relief button was usually mounted at the opening), which can be so pressed using the fingertips.  

<noinclude>{{ReferBox|Filling systems}}</noinclude>The ''sleeve filler'', also called ''thumb filler'', is one of the many filling systems experimented at the beginning of '900, in particular it was adopted by [[Holland]] around 1905 and by [[Waterman]] that used it from 1910 to 1915. This loading system is based on the displacement of a ''sleeve'' that wraps the barrel of the pen to hide a large opening made on one side of it. Moving the sleeve, which protects the opening, gives direct access to the pressure bar (on which a relief button was usually mounted at the opening), which can be so pressed using the fingertips.  

[[Image:SleeveFillerSchema.svg|center|500px|Diagram of a pen with ''sleeve filler'']]

[[Image:SleeveFillerSchema.svg|center|500px|Diagram of a pen with ''sleeve filler'']]

La presenza del manicotto che fascia il fusto in corrispondenza all'apertura rende però non uniformi le dimensioni del corpo della penna, che quindi risultano spesso poco gradevoli dal punto di vista estetico. Inoltre si aumenta di molto la complessità meccanica della penna e la sua fragilità generale, essendo le penne di quel periodo realizzate in [[ebanite]], materiale non particolarmente resistente agli sforzi meccanici. Per questo motivo questo sistema di caricamento ebbe una diffusione ridotta ed venne ben presto abbandonato.

The presence of the sleeve that wraps around the barrel at the opening, however, makes the size of the body of the pen uneven, which are therefore often unpleasant from an aesthetic point of view. Moreover, the mechanical complexity of the pen and its general fragility are greatly increased, since the pens of that period were made from [[hard rubber]], a material not particularly resistant to mechanical stress. For this reason this filling system had a reduced diffusion and was soon abandoned.

Una seconda versione di questo sistema di caricamento, molto più sofisticata, venne adottata dalla [[LeBoeuf]] nel 1930. In questo caso non si aveva un manicotto, ma era l'intero fusto della penna (realizzato stavolta in celluloide) che poteva venire sganciato dal gruppo pennino, andando a scorrere su un cilindro interno realizzato in metallo, sul quale era di nuovo presente una apertura laterale per la pressione diretta sul serbatoio. In questo caso si era ottenuta un fusto uniforme di forma cilindrica che non presentava fessure, neanche per l'alloggiamento della levetta.  

A second version of this filling system, much more sophisticated, was adopted by [[LeBoeuf]] in 1930. In this case it didn't have a sleeve, but it was the whole barrel of the pen (made this time in celluloid) that could be unhooked from the nib group, sliding on an inner cylinder made of metal, on which there was lateral opening for the direct pressure on the sac. In this case, a uniform cylindrical shaft was obtained that had no lists, not even for the housing of the lever.  

In una forma simile, almeno sul piano estetico, questo sistema di caricamento venne adottato anche dalla [[Parker]] per l'''[[aerometric]]'' usato nella [[51]] (che però prevede pressioni multiple per la presenza di uno sfiatatoio), mentre un sistema sostanzialmente identico viene utilizzato ancora oggi da alcuni ''[[Caricamento#converter|converter]]'' (ad esempio quelli delle stilografiche [[Pilot]] di fascia bassa).<noinclude>

In a similar form, at least on an aesthetic level, this loading system was adopted also by the [[Parker]] for the ''[[aerometric]]'' used in the [[51]] (which, however, provides for multiple pressures for the presence of a breather), while a substantially identical system is still used today by some ''[[converter]]'' (for example those of the [[Pilot]] low end fountain pens).<noinclude>

==Brevetti correlati==

==Related Patents==

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