Modifiche

[[Image:Logo-Omas.svg|center|300px|Omas Logo]]

[[Image:Logo-Omas.svg|center|300px|Omas Logo]]

In its activities [[OMAS]] has been characterized by a remarkable capacity for technical innovation and product quality, resulting probably from these point of view better than any other Italian company. It cannot be said, however, that it has particularly excelled for innovation in design, because all its most famous models, also if they often are better quality than the originals, always show in a clear manner a high rate of imitation of the stylistic features of other brands models. Despite this, the quality of the [[OMAS]] production, the ability to create imitations that are better than the originals, and in particular the refinement of its celluloid models makes this brand one of the most sought after by collectors. {{Infobox_Brand|Omas}}{{BrandData|Founder=Armando Simoni|Place=Bologna|Date=1925|Country=IT|Fullname=Officine Meccaniche Armando Simoni}}

 

In its activities [[OMAS]] has been characterized by a remarkable capacity for technical innovation and product quality, resulting probably from these point of view better than any other Italian company. It cannot be said, however, that it has particularly excelled for innovation in design, because all its most famous models, also if they often are better quality than the originals, always show in a clear manner a high rate of imitation of the stylistic features of other brands models. Despite this, the quality of the [[OMAS]] production, the ability to create imitations that are better than the originals, and in particular the refinement of its celluloid models makes this brand one of the most sought after by collectors. {{Infobox_Brand|Omas}}

==History==  

==History==  

The initial [[OMAS]] production of is characterized by various [[Flat top]] [[button filler]] models, clear imitations of the [[Duofold]]. However some of these models were characterized by original technical solutions, as for the second version of the "[[penna del dottore]]" in which again the thermometer was hosted by the body of the pen, or as for the "[[penna del calligrafo]]", which was equipped with a special section that could be easily unscrewed, allowing an easy the change of the nib type, which was directed towards the use by calligraphers.

The initial [[OMAS]] production of is characterized by various [[Flat top]] [[button filler]] models, clear imitations of the [[Duofold]]. However some of these models were characterized by original technical solutions, as for the second version of the "[[penna del dottore]]" in which again the thermometer was hosted by the body of the pen, or as for the "[[penna del calligrafo]]", which was equipped with a special section that could be easily unscrewed, allowing an easy the change of the nib type, which was directed towards the use by calligraphers.

In this same time period there is a presence in Italy of some [[Parker]] models ([[Duofold]] and [[Thrift Time]]) marked ''"Geo. S. Parker - made in Italy"'' whose production is attributed to [[OMAS]]. There is a debate about these pens, whether if this can be considered a real production commissioned by the [[Parker]], to circumvent the restrictions imposed by the autarkic policies of the fascist regime, or if it is a semi-official production commissioned by the [[Parker]] agent for Italy, Edoardo Russo Webber, who was facing a supply shortage, or if it is indeed a clandestine (and illegal) production. As there are no documents, nor other findings than those of later interactions from Webber and Simoni for the production of the [[Saratoga]] pens, it's impossible to come to any definite conclusion.

In this same time period there is a presence in Italy of some [[Parker]] models ([[Duofold]] and [[Thrift Time]]) marked ''"Geo. S. Parker - made in Italy"'' whose production is attributed to [[OMAS]]. There is a debate about these pens, whether if this can be considered a real production commissioned by the [[Parker]], to circumvent the restrictions imposed by the autarkic policies of the fascist regime, or if it is a semi-official production commissioned by the [[Parker]] agent for Italy, Edoardo Russo Webber, who was facing a supply shortage, or if it is indeed a clandestine (and illegal) production. As there are no documents, nor other findings than those of later interactions from Webber and Simoni for the production of the [[Saratoga]] pens, it's impossible to come to any definite conclusion.

[[OMAS]] between the first Italian companies to switch to [[celluloid]] in the late '20s or early '30s, producing its fountain pens as well as in the classic colors like green jade or lapis lazuli and also interesting variation of marbled colors. Between the production of this time there are some celluloid pens, with cap and clip similar to that used in the previous [[Duofold]] imitations, but having instead tapered ends. These were probably born in the early '30s, following the establishment of the ''[[streamlined]]'' style, and only a couple of samples are known. More or less in this period can be traced back the production beginning of the [[Minerva]] branded pens, the only real [[OMAS]] sub-brand,<ref>there are many pens that are known as made by [[OMAS]] on behalf of other companies, often directly derived from [[Minerva]] models; between them there are productions for the [[Ercolessi]], the [[Saratoga]] or [[Scotland]] brands, and perhaps also the [[Nettuno Superba]], there are also attributions to [[OMAS]] for the production of some particular models, as the [[Itala]] and, almost certainly wrong, the [[Zerollo]], but the only pens marketed directly by the company and appearing in its catalogs are the [[Minerva]] ones.</ref> dedicated to the production of second-tier but not less than excellent quality.

[[OMAS]] between the first Italian companies to switch to [[celluloid]] in the late '20s or early '30s, producing its fountain pens as well as in the classic colors like green jade or lapis lazuli and also interesting variation of marbled colors. Between the production of this time there are some celluloid pens, with cap and clip similar to that used in the previous [[Duofold]] imitations, but having instead tapered ends. These were probably born in the early '30s, following the establishment of the ''[[streamlined]]'' style, and only a couple of samples are known. More or less in this period can be traced back the production beginning of the [[Minerva]] branded pens, the only real [[OMAS]] sub-brand,<ref>there are many pens that are known as made by [[OMAS]] on behalf of other companies, often directly derived from [[Minerva]] models; between them there are productions for the [[Ercolessi]], the [[Saratoga]] or [[Scotland]] brands, and perhaps also the [[Nettuno Superba]], there are also attributions to [[OMAS]] for the production of some particular models, as the [[Itala]] and, almost certainly wrong, the [[Zerollo]], but the only pens marketed directly by the company and appearing in its catalogs are the [[Minerva]] ones.</ref> dedicated to the production of second-tier but not less than excellent quality.

[[Image:Omas-Extra-Arco.jpg|right|thumb|An [[Omas Extra]] in [[arco]] celluloid]]

[[File:Omas-Extra-Band-ArcoGrey-OS-Capped.jpg|right|thumb|An [[Omas Extra]] in [[arco]] celluloid]]

The real turning point in the [[OMAS]] production happened in [[1932]], when it introduced what is was for several decades one of the top models of the company, the [[Omas Extra]], made of faceted celluloid, a  [[lever filler]] model with a very large cap band, decorated with a greek pattern. The pen was produced in four different sizes and launched with the slogan ''the creation of an artist and a scientist'', and it was accompanied by a very extensive advertising campaign.  

The real turning point in the [[OMAS]] production happened in [[1932]], when it introduced what is was for several decades one of the top models of the company, the [[Omas Extra]], made of faceted celluloid, a  [[lever filler]] model with a very large cap band, decorated with a greek pattern. The pen was produced in four different sizes and launched with the slogan ''the creation of an artist and a scientist'', and it was accompanied by a very extensive advertising campaign.  

Although the [[Omas Extra]] is very similar to [[Doric]], introduced a few months earlier, the question whether it is an imitation is still controversial, since the elapsed time is rather short. The [[OMAS]] fans argue that, given the short time between the release of the two pens, it would not have been possible to create production facilities if the [[Omas Extra]] had been a  [[Doric]] imitation, but there is no information to support this statement while there are ample confirmation for the [[OMAS]] tendency to imitate American models. Regardless of whether it can be considered an imitation or not the [[Omas Extra]] for its quality of materials and workmanship, can be considered of equivalent, if not higher, quality than the model to which it may be have inspired. The pen also had a huge success and remained in production until 1946, albeit with minor stylistic changes, such as creating a smooth version and the transition to a decorative three-ring instead of the greek band.

Although the [[Omas Extra]] is very similar to [[Doric]], introduced a few months earlier, the question whether it is an imitation is still controversial, since the elapsed time is rather short. The [[OMAS]] fans argue that, given the short time between the release of the two pens, it would not have been possible to create production facilities if the [[Omas Extra]] had been a  [[Doric]] imitation, but there is no information to support this statement while there are ample confirmation for the [[OMAS]] tendency to imitate American models. Regardless of whether it can be considered an imitation or not the [[Omas Extra]] for its quality of materials and workmanship, can be considered of equivalent, if not higher, quality than the model to which it may be have inspired. The pen also had a huge success and remained in production until [[1946]], albeit with minor stylistic changes, such as creating a smooth version and the transition to a decorative three-ring instead of the greek band.

[[Image:Lucens-VestPocket-Extended.jpg|left|thumb|A [[Lucens]] couple]]

[[File:Omas-Lucens-Rings-MarbledTansp-VestPocket-Extended.jpg|left|thumb|A small [[Lucens]] couple]]

In [[1936]] a new model, the [[Lucens]], was patented and introduced using with an original, at least for Italy, filling system, called ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"''. In fact, the mechanism is almost the same of the one used by [[Dunn]] 15 years before; although it is not possible to determine whether it is a copy or an independent realization. Nevertheless the [[Lucens]]  constitutes one of the most beautiful fountain pens ever realized, in particular for the beauty of celluloids, equipped with transparent sections for viewing ink.

In [[1936]] a new model, the [[Lucens]], was patented and launched, using, at least for Italy production, a new type of filling system called ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"''. In fact the mechanism is almost the same of the one used by [[Dunn]] 15 years before; but it is not possible to determine whether it is a copy or an independent realization. Nevertheless the [[Lucens]]  constitutes one of the most beautiful fountain pens ever realized, in particular for the beauty of celluloids, equipped with transparent sections for viewing ink.

Made initially onlu in the in smooth round  version, the [[Lucens]] was joined immediately by [[Extra Lucens]], havingfaceted body like the [[Omas Extra|Extra]], but still using the ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"'' filling system. In [[1938]] the wheel clip (very similar to the [[Doric]] one) was replaced by an arrow shaped clip, a clear imitation of the one introduced by the [[Parker]] with the [[Vacumatic]]. The imitation even more evident by the presence of a  arrow engraving of the nib, almost identical to the [[Vacumatic]] one. Also the greek band cap decoration was replaced by three thin rings. Despite the imitations [[Extra Lucens]] is a pen without a doubt superior in all aspects (technical, aesthetic and manufacturing quality) to any [[Vacumatic]] and probably is the best model ever produced by [[OMAS]].  

Made initially onlu in the in smooth round  version, the [[Lucens]] was joined immediately by [[Extra Lucens]], havingfaceted body like the [[Omas Extra|Extra]], but still using the ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"'' filling system. In 1938 the wheel clip (very similar to the [[Doric]] one) was replaced by an arrow shaped clip, a clear imitation of the one introduced by the [[Parker]] with the [[Vacumatic]]. The imitation even more evident by the presence of a  arrow engraving of the nib, almost identical to the [[Vacumatic]] one. Also the greek band cap decoration was replaced by three thin rings. Despite the imitations [[Extra Lucens]] is a pen without a doubt superior in all aspects (technical, aesthetic and manufacturing quality) to any [[Vacumatic]] and probably is the best model ever produced by [[OMAS]].

[[Image:ExtraLucens-VestPocket-BlackVeined-Set-Box.jpg|thumb|An [[Extra Lucens]] ]]

[[File:Omas-ExtraLucens-BlackVeined-VestPocket-Set-Box.jpg|thumb|An [[Extra Lucens]]]]

With the progress of the war raw materials began to be scarce and in particular gold for nibs, as the majority of European companies [[OMAS]] had to resort to some steel alloy, that the company renamed ''[[Permanio]]'', that was declared to be better even than gold. In fact just this alloy proved to be one of the most susceptible to corrosion, so that today ''[[Permanio]]'' nibs are rare and have a much higher value of their analogues in gold.  

With the World War II progress raw materials began to become scarce and to replace gold for nibs, as the majority of European companies, [[OMAS]] had to resort to use some steel alloy. The company named it ''[[Permanio]]'', and declared the it would be better even than gold. In fact just this kind alloy proved, amongs many other used for nibs, to be one of the most susceptible to corrosion, so that today ''[[Permanio]]'' nibs are rare and have a much higher value of their analogues in gold.  

After the war production resumed with new ogival pens and the transition to [[piston filler]]. In [[1946]] the [[Omas Extra|Extra]] line was completely restyled, the wheel clip was maintained but  were used three rings on the cap. Also the [[piston filler]] was adopted and  a transparent section for viewing ink level was introduced. Three sizes were maintained: small, medium and large, identified respectively with the numbers [[Omas 55x|555]], [[Omas 55x|556]] and [[Omas 55x|557]].  

After the war production resumed with new ogival pens and the transition to [[piston filler]]. In 1946 the [[Omas Extra|Extra]] line was completely restyled, the wheel clip was maintained but  were used three rings on the cap. Also the [[piston filler]] was adopted and  a transparent section for viewing ink level was introduced. Three sizes were maintained: small, medium and large, identified respectively with the numbers [[Omas 55x|555]], [[Omas 55x|556]] and [[Omas 55x|557]].

[[Image:1959-Omas-361.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Advertising for an [[Omas 361|361]] ]]

[[Image:1959-Omas-361.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Advertising for an [[Omas 361|361]] ]]

In [[1948]] it was made what is perhaps the most significant invention in the Italian fountain pen production, the [[Omas 361|361]] model. Born as a response for the success of [[Parker 51]], the originality of the pen is in the central position of the nib, mounted on the axis of the pen, around which is placed an hood open by one side. Depending on the side of use of the pen, when the nib is almost completely covered it will give a rigid

In 1948 it was made what is perhaps the most significant invention in the Italian fountain pen production, the [[Omas 361|361]] model. Born as a response for the success of [[Parker 51]], the originality of the pen is in the central position of the nib, mounted on the axis of the pen, around which is placed an hood open by one side. Depending on the position of use of the pen, and in particular of the open side, the nib can be almost completely covered, resulting in a rigid nib, or left uncovered, allowing a flexible writing. A grading system suddenly very functional, so that it is told that the [[Parker]] tried several times to acquire the patent ({{Cite patent|US|2565667}}) from [[OMAS]].

writing, and when it is left uncovered, it will allow a flexible writing. It was very functional grading system, so that it is told that the [[Parker]] tried several times to acquire the patent ({{Cite patent|US|2565667}}) from [[OMAS]].

[[Image:Omas-Grigie-Capped.jpg|thumb|A group of gray [[Omas]] pens]]

[[File:Omas-Models-GraySerie-Capped.jpg|thumb|A group of different gray [[Omas]] pens]]

The introduction of [[Omas 361|361]] led to a series of novelty even on the stylistic side other than in the technical one. For its production were used the new ogival shapes, and also cap decoration passed to a single band, and the [[piston filler]] was adopted, which was used for all the production except the [[Extra Lucens]] who stayed with the ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"'', the arrow clip and the three rings on the cap, remaining in production, without double color nibs, in all black and in medium and large sizes for all the '50s.  

The introduction of [[Omas 361|361]] led to a series of novelty even on the stylistic side other than in the technical one. For its production were used the new ogival shapes, and also cap decoration passed to a single band, and the [[piston filler]] was adopted, which was used for all the production except the [[Extra Lucens]] who stayed with the ''"[[stantuffo tuffante]]"'', the arrow clip and the three rings on the cap, remaining in production, without double color nibs, in all black and in medium and large sizes for all the '50s.  

It should also mentioned two models introduced about [[1950]] and remained in production for a short time, the [[Omas 35x|351]] and [[Omas 35x|352]]. These pens are very rare and hard to find, they have faceted shape and [[piston filler]] and they barrel was made by gluing alternating sections of transparent and colored celluloid, so as to achieve an outstanding result of a transparent tank in alternating sections.  

It should also mentioned two models introduced about 1950 and remained in production for a short time, the [[Omas 35x|351]] and [[Omas 35x|352]]. These pens are very rare and hard to find, they have faceted shape and [[piston filler]] and they barrel was made by gluing alternating sections of transparent and colored celluloid, so as to achieve an outstanding result of a transparent tank in alternating sections.

In the same period of the [[Omas 361|361]] ogival shaped were adopted for other models and led to the [[Lucens|Lucens Ogiva]] and new ogival versions of the old [[Omas Extra|Extra]] model (called [[Omas 55x|555/S]], [[Omas 55x|556/S]] and [[Omas 55x|557/S]]), These were celluloid made with a  red or yellow transparent window, and there were also variants with metal cap. The faceted forms were also kept, for both the [[Omas 361|361]] and the new '' Extra'' series with models denominated  [[Omas 55x|555/F]], [[Omas 55x|556/F]] and [[Omas 55x|557/F]].  

In the same period of the [[Omas 361|361]] ogival shaped were adopted for other models and led to the [[Lucens|Lucens Ogiva]] and new ogival versions of the old [[Omas Extra|Extra]] model (called [[Omas 55x|555/S]], [[Omas 55x|556/S]] and [[Omas 55x|557/S]]), These were celluloid made with a  red or yellow transparent window, and there were also variants with metal cap. The faceted forms were also kept, for both the [[Omas 361|361]] and the new '' Extra'' series with models denominated  [[Omas 55x|555/F]], [[Omas 55x|556/F]] and [[Omas 55x|557/F]].  

In the following years [[OMAS]] production continued with the construction of [[piston filler]] celluloid pens. The company produced new models like the [[Omas VS|VS]] and the [[OMAS CS|CS]]. With the death of Armando Simoni in [[1958]] no more significant innovations were produced, although in the following decades the company introduced many [[Produzione Omas dagli anni '60|different models]], trying to chase first the economy tier and the the high end of the market. The company changed hands from the Simoni heirs and was sold first to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVMH Luis Vuitton] and then to the Chinese [http://www.xinyuhengdeli.com/ Xinyu Hengdeli] remaining active until March 2016, when it ceased activities.

In the following years [[OMAS]] production continued with the construction of [[piston filler]] celluloid pens. The company produced new models like the [[Omas VS|VS]] and the [[OMAS CS|CS]]. With the death of Armando Simoni in 1958, however, no more significant innovations were produced, although in later decades the company introduced different models, trying to chase the high end of the market and luxury items, bringing in some models similar to celluloid one of the '30s. The company is still on the market today, although it changed hands from the heirs of Simoni to be sold first to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVMH Luis Vuitton] and then to the Chinese [http:/ / www.xinyuhengdeli.com/ Xinyu Hengdeli].

{{BrandChrono|Omas}}  

{{BrandCrono}}

|-

{{TabEnd}}

<span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">

== External references ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012005104/http://www.omas.net/defaultMenuSingolo2.asp?tree=3&usr=-1&codlingua=1&grc=4&grl=13] History section from the dead official website

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060323180316/http://www.pennamagazine.com/articolo.php?id=226] Article on [[Duofold]] like models (no data on the affirmed [[Parker]]-[[Omas]] relatio)

== Notes ==

== Notes ==

<references/>

<references/>