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<noinclude>{{Infobox_Marca|Fend}}</noinclude>La [[Fend]] venne fondata nel [[1900]]<ref>per la data si fa riferimento a quanto emerso in [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?/topic/228874-could-someone-tell-me-anything-about-this-pen questa discussione] su FPN e non su quella del 1899 citata in altri siti e ripresa dal libro di Lambrou.</ref> ed è nota per le lavorazioni in metallo. Dati precisi sull'origine non sono noti, ma l'azienda aveva sede a Pforzheim ed in un brevetto ({{Cite patent|CH|24220}}) del 1901 sono citati Georg Fend e Karl Fend che assumeremo come fondatori. L'azienda è nota per la produzione di penne con [[overlay|rivestimenti]] in metallo laminato oro o in argento di alta qualità, che vennero usati anche da altri produttori per il loro modelli. Si ritiene anche che sia il produttore della maggior parte dei rivestimenti usati da [[Montblanc]] negli anni '20 e '30.  
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<noinclude>{{Infobox_Brand|Fend}}</noinclude>Th company was founded in [[1900]]<ref>for the date we take as reference [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?/topic/228874-could-someone-tell-me-anything-about-this-pen this FPN thread] and not the 1899 mentioned by other sites and by the Lambrou book.</ref> and it is known for its metal working. No clear data on its origin are known but it was based in Pforzheim and a 1901 patent ({{Cite patent|CH|24220}}) shows Georg Fend e Karl Fend as assigner, so we assume they are the foundeers. The company is also known for the production of pens with high quality [[overlay]] in rolled gold metal or silver, which were also used by other manufacturers for their models. It is also believed to be the producer of most [[overlay]]s used by [[Montblanc]] in the '20s and '30s.  
  
The company, however, is much better known for its production of mechanical pencils are able to maintain and use various mines in different colors, marketed under the [[Norma]] brand. There are present in many advertising, like those that are listed below.  Around [[1930]]<ref>according to Letizia Jacopini book, that reports the beginning of '30s.</ref> a foreign branch under was founded in Milan (as ''"Fratelli Fend di E. Fend"''), which produced good [[safety]] pens (company was active in the [[overlay]] production) distributed under the name of [[Fendograph]].
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The company, however, is much better known for its production of mechanical pencils are able to maintain and use various mines in different colors, marketed under the [[Norma]] brand. There are present in many advertising, like those that are listed below.  Around [[1930]]<ref>according to Letizia Jacopini book, that reports the beginning of '30s.</ref> a foreign branch under was founded in Milan (as ''"Fratelli Fend di E. Fend"''), which produced good [[safety]] pens (company was active in the [[overlay]] production) distributed under the name of [[Fendograph]]. Between known models there is the ''Fend Norma'', with a peculiar conic nib.
  
 
Also in the '30s in the United States was present with the [[Norma]] brand  the company ''Norma Multicolor, Inc., New York, NY'', also producing mechanical pencils. It remained active until [[1967]]. In the '50s it produced models made ​​entirely of metal. Sometime ''Norma Multicolor'' is indicated as another [[Fend]] branch, but it seems more likely to be a completely different company.
 
Also in the '30s in the United States was present with the [[Norma]] brand  the company ''Norma Multicolor, Inc., New York, NY'', also producing mechanical pencils. It remained active until [[1967]]. In the '50s it produced models made ​​entirely of metal. Sometime ''Norma Multicolor'' is indicated as another [[Fend]] branch, but it seems more likely to be a completely different company.
  
References: [http://www.rickconner.net/penspotters/norma.pencils.html], [http://www.roger-russell.com/normapg.htm], [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?/topic/228874-could-someone-tell-me-anything-about-this-pen]
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===External references===
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* [http://www.roger-russell.com/normapg.htm] Page dedicated to the company
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160322193802/http://rickconner.net/penspotters/norma.pencils.html] Company page on Pen Spotters
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* [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?/topic/228874-could-someone-tell-me-anything-about-this-pen] Discussion on FPN
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<noinclude>
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===Notes===
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<references/>
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{{BrandData|Founder=Karl Fend, Georg Fend|Date=1900|Place=Pforzheim|Country=DE|Closing=1971|Fullname=Gebrueder Fend G.m.b.H.|Trademarks=Fendograph}}
  
[[Category:Translated Pages]]</noinclude>
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{{CategorizeBrand|Germania|Secondary brand}}</noinclude>

Versione delle 23:33, 13 gen 2019

Fend
Brand pages
Brand advertising
Brand photos
Other documents
Patents

Th company was founded in 1900[1] and it is known for its metal working. No clear data on its origin are known but it was based in Pforzheim and a 1901 patent (nº CH-24220) shows Georg Fend e Karl Fend as assigner, so we assume they are the foundeers. The company is also known for the production of pens with high quality overlay in rolled gold metal or silver, which were also used by other manufacturers for their models. It is also believed to be the producer of most overlays used by Montblanc in the '20s and '30s.

The company, however, is much better known for its production of mechanical pencils are able to maintain and use various mines in different colors, marketed under the Norma brand. There are present in many advertising, like those that are listed below. Around 1930[2] a foreign branch under was founded in Milan (as "Fratelli Fend di E. Fend"), which produced good safety pens (company was active in the overlay production) distributed under the name of Fendograph. Between known models there is the Fend Norma, with a peculiar conic nib.

Also in the '30s in the United States was present with the Norma brand the company Norma Multicolor, Inc., New York, NY, also producing mechanical pencils. It remained active until 1967. In the '50s it produced models made ​​entirely of metal. Sometime Norma Multicolor is indicated as another Fend branch, but it seems more likely to be a completely different company.

External references

  • [1] Page dedicated to the company
  • [2] Company page on Pen Spotters
  • [3] Discussion on FPN

Notes

  1. for the date we take as reference this FPN thread and not the 1899 mentioned by other sites and by the Lambrou book.
  2. according to Letizia Jacopini book, that reports the beginning of '30s.